What mortar to use for shower pan - ProSpec Floor Mud is a Portland cement-based mortar designed for thick setting beds under ceramic or quarry tiles. When mixed to a dry consistency, ProSpec floor mud allows maximum compaction during tamping. Pre-measured packaging for easy mixing. Just add water or ProSpec B-710 additive.

 
Step 4: Next we prepared the cement for the mortar bed using a 1 cement: 4 sand ratio. We started with the perimeter of the shower and working our way in to establish our grade. The standard slope for a mortar bed is 1/2" drop per every 12" from the shower walls to the drain, how thick you lay your cement around the perimeter will vary ... . Hamricks augusta ga

A permanent account number (or PAN, as it is usually called) is a unique 10-character identification number that identifies taxpayers in India. A PAN is similar to a Social Securit...Assuming a type S masonry mortar mix with (2.25 + 3)/2 = 2.625 parts sand to 1 part type S mortar cement, you'd add 1.875 parts sand to the (2.625 parts sand + 1 part cement) = 3.625 parts of type S masonry mortar mix to get 1.875 + 2.625 = 4.5 parts sand to 1 part cement.A shower pan should have a proper incline. Without the incline, your shower pan won’t drain correctly, and water will sit at the bottom of your shower. Plastic pan tops dry quickly, but cut tile or granite shower pans won’t dry properly. With time, the slight flexibility of the felt pad can cause stress cracks in the shower pan. Installing ...3) Marked the plywood where the pan would install. (Marked all outside edges as well as all internal X-ribbing) 4) Layed down some thin mil (.5) clear sheet plastic so I could see my markings. 5) Put down mortar in small mounds (about 2 inches high) on top of the plastic in each area between the X-ribbing making.Mortar is preferred for shower pans over other options such as concrete and cement given that it bonds better to other surfaces and is more moldable. The best mortar mix for shower pans contains sand and Portland cement. This will create a water-resistant barrier that will support the weight of the shower … See moreSUBSCRIBE Learn how tile the right wayHow to install mud in a shower pan for a tile shower stall. When installing a tile shower, whether it be ceramic, marb...Hot Mop Shower Pan...How it's done. I've wanted to do this video for a long time, as I've had many questions over the years about using hot tar to waterpro... Hot Mop Shower Pan...How it's done.On the downside, epoxy mortar is more expensive than thinset and has a strong smell while it cures. Additionally, epoxy mortar sets quickly. This can be a deficit because it provides only a short window of time to make changes. Pot life for most epoxy tile mortars is about 45 minutes.Install a full mortar bed shower using Noble Company's PRO-SLOPE. PRO-SLOPE creates a code-required slope under a full mortar bed shower pan. PRO-SLOPE is li...Below are the best quality mixes for shower pans: 1. Quikrete Floor Mud. Quikrete Floor Mud is a concrete mixture that primarily contains portland cement, which is easily packable and moldable to flow into a drain. You can use this dry pack mix as an underlayment mortar for leveling travertine, slate, and marble floor tile and constructing ...Jun 12, 2022 ... I always set my shower pans with mortar This provides a nice solid base and support Check out my course on this bathroom renovation ...Jun 20, 2020 ... Jan 27th, 2022: 95% like/dislike Tools/products used: Mapei 4 to 1 mix: Just google that name above and get it at Lowes.Traditionally, shower pans were installed using a mortar base. Mortar is a thick mixture of cement, sand, and water that is used to create a sloped, supportive bed for the shower pan to sit in. While mortar provides …KBRS Linear Line shower pans are easily installed using modified thin-set mortar. Linear shower pans are available in standard sizes and custom sizes (up to 9500 square inches). The KBRS Linear ShowerSlope™ comes with a 1-1/4" leading edge that is designed with a linear drain slot, which is ideal when installing linear drains. ...Discard the debris as the project proceeds. The final slope of the mortar bed should finish approximately 3/16-inch below the top of the shower floor drain. The exact height depends on the tile's thickness. Smooth any rough areas on the floor or walls with a flat trowel. Keep the trowel wet to avoid pulling mortar.May 20, 2020 ... Add a comment... 32:54. Go to channel · HOW TO SET SHOWER PAN LINER and MORTAR. StarrTile•263K views · 25:06. Go to channel · How to Make a&nb...If you are going to start with a preslope, here is the how-to. 1. Start with a solid, clean and properly supported shower floor. And be sure to tackle all of the prep steps first. 2. Gather your supplies. 2 foot level. two pieces of 2 x 4, one about 12″ long and one about 18″ long.Shower pan mortar on top of a pre slope will retain less water than mortar that is on a fla... This video shows the steps to make a shower pan with a pre slope.Learn how to install a shower pan base with this easy-to-follow video tutorial. Save time, money and hassle with this DIY project.Jul 21, 2011 ... ... is used for its ease of installation on horizontal and sloped surfaces. Follow me on instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tilecoach/?hl=en ...For an 80 lb bag worth of concrete you need about 4 quarts of water. Making this DIY shower pan mix is just a few simple steps. First, measure out your cement and sand separately. Second, place the ingredients in a concrete mixer, tray or wheelbarrow and mix the dry ingredients thoroughly with a hoe, shovel or trowel.PAN stands for Personal Access Number and, as soon as an account is opened, you receive a letter or electronic statements containing this number. It isn’t uncommon for letters to b...To install the shower base, you need to begin by removing the old shower pan. Once that is done, you will have a clean, dust-free subsurface underneath. From there, you need to place a waterproof pan liner down on the surface first. From there, add a new pan and check the leveling. The pan should be adequately leveled.http://www.doityourselfdennis.com presents this tutorial how to video about how to build or install a shower pan using mortar and a vinyl lining. I have been...Ensure the cement (concrete) slab in the shower pan area is level. Use SLU as needed, in order to level the shower pan area. Begin by breaking the concrete around the waste pipe to produce a hole that is roughly 5 1/2-in to 6 1/2-in in diameter, around the waste pip. The hole should be centered with the waste pipe.A good shower doesn’t just get you clean; it also relaxes and refreshes the body and spirit. If your shower isn’t blissing you out, perhaps it’s time to upgrade to a shiny new show...This was my first diy shower pan install and was on a concrete foundation. I ordered the tile redi trench (36x60) with the tile-able drain top and arrived from the freight company in a box that was pretty much open on arrival. Before signing for the delivery I inspected the pan worried it would be damaged due to shipping but luckily was in one ... The mortar should be both waterproof and able to provide a solid platform for the shower pan to rest on. Many professionals recommend using a latex-modified mortar or a high-strength, non-shrinking, pre-blended mortar mix, such as a polymer-modified or high-performance mortar. The combination of the latex-modified mortar and high-strength pre ... Set shower pan onto the mortar bed, and use a rubber mallet or hammer & board to press the pan firmly into the mortar bed, providing even coverage, and leveling all sides of the shower pan; On sides that are against a wall, place Redi Flash on top of the splash edges and fasten to the studs. Then place a bead of 100% silicone caulk along …If you’re wondering how long it takes to get a PAN card, you’re not alone. The Permanent Account Number (PAN) card is an essential document for Indian citizens, serving as a unique...The best DIY mix for a shower pan is a combination of a basic mortar mix with sand and Portland cement added in. This unique mix creates a supportive water-resistant barrier …Oct 21, 2017 ... SUBSCRIBE Learn how tile the right way How to install mud in a shower pan for a tile shower stall. This method can be used to build a pre ...May 30, 2018 ... How to make a shower pan with Sand topping mix thin set mortar Check out all my shower build videos just search - kooper salmo shower.SAKRETE 60 lb. Sand Mix 65306217 - The Home Depot. SAKRETE Sand Mix is a multipurpose product designed for a variety of projects ranging from repairing wide cracks in concrete and masonry to creating mortar beds under ceramic tile installations. It is. You don’t want to use something with aggregate, like plain sakrete.The ideal mortar is a mix of standard cement mix with sand and Portland cement, which creates a great water-resistant barrier that can support the weight of the shower unit. Quikrete explains that it works well for shower pans, being a mix of Portland cement, graded sand and other proprietary ingredients.Assuming the 9 by 13 inch pan has sides about 2 inches high, it can hold a volume of 14 to 15 cups. Since there are 4 cups in 1 quart, the pan holds between 3 1/2 and 3 3/4 quarts.Learn how to install a shower pan base with this easy-to-follow video tutorial. Save time, money and hassle with this DIY project.I am refinishing a shower and poured the shower pan using CustomFloat Bedding Mortar several days ago. I mixed it according to the directions (3 Gallons of water per 50Lb bag). Everything looked fine, however when walked on the pan yesterday the mortar cracked from the wall to the drain in a few places.Step 3: Prepare the Mortar. Next, you’ll need to prepare the mortar for the shower pan. You should mix the mortar according to the manufacturer’s instructions, then spread it evenly over the area where the pan will be placed. Make sure the mortar is level and smooth before moving on to the next step. Step 4: Place the Pan. Once the mortar ...May 17, 2018 ... How to mix mortar for a shower pan tile job Check out all my shower build videos just search - kooper salmo shower.Aug 4, 2020 · You can use Quikrete Floor Mud and Sand Mix for your shower pan. It is great to use Quikrete for your shower pan because it does not sag and has a quick cure time. The only Quikrete sand mix that you cannot use for a shower pan is Quikrete Deck Mud. Using the wrong type of Quikrete can easily turn your DIY remodeling project upside-down. What type of thin-set mortar should I use when installing ceramic and stone tile over Schluter™-KERDI? Schluter-Systems requires the use of Schluter SET™, ALL-SET™, FAST-SET™, or an unmodified thin-set mortar meeting the requirements of ANSI A118.1 to set ceramic and stone tile, including large format tiles, over the KERDI membrane.Use the mortar manufacturer instructions for mixing ratios and setting time. Pour the appropriate amount of water or additive into a clean bucket. ... making sure to leave spacers above the shower pan for caulk line. Dry Time and Grouting. Let the mortar dry according to manufacturer instructions before grouting, which typically takes 24-48 ...May 17, 2018 ... How to mix mortar for a shower pan tile job Check out all my shower build videos just search - kooper salmo shower.Step by step process of how I install my pans. Easiest way I know of. At the end wait at LEAST 3-4 days before waterproofing it.Use the mortar manufacturer instructions for mixing ratios and setting time. Pour the appropriate amount of water or additive into a clean bucket. ... making sure to leave spacers above the shower pan for caulk line. Dry Time and Grouting. Let the mortar dry according to manufacturer instructions before grouting, which typically takes 24-48 ...The type of mortar you use will depend on the specific project, but typically the best option is Cement Mastic. This type of mortar is a combination of Portland cement, sand, and a … Step 4: Next we prepared the cement for the mortar bed using a 1 cement: 4 sand ratio. We started with the perimeter of the shower and working our way in to establish our grade. The standard slope for a mortar bed is 1/2" drop per every 12" from the shower walls to the drain, how thick you lay your cement around the perimeter will vary ... Jul 21, 2011 ... ... is used for its ease of installation on horizontal and sloped surfaces. Follow me on instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tilecoach/?hl=en ...Mortar should typically be applied about 1/2 inch thick when installing a shower pan. When pointing up around the shower pan, be sure to trowel an even layer 1/2 inch thick into place with a notched trowel, then comb the mortar in one direction with the trowel to achieve a uniform depth throughout. Any excess should be removed before the mortar ... Next, an adhesive should be used to apply the shower pan to the subfloor, such as a polymer-modified mortar. This will help to keep the pan in place and absorb any movements of the flooring. Afterwards, caulk should be applied around the edges of the pan where it meets the wall, as well as where it meets the floor. Oct 23, 2023 · Assuming a type S masonry mortar mix with (2.25 + 3)/2 = 2.625 parts sand to 1 part type S mortar cement, you'd add 1.875 parts sand to the (2.625 parts sand + 1 part cement) = 3.625 parts of type S masonry mortar mix to get 1.875 + 2.625 = 4.5 parts sand to 1 part cement. Different jobs require unique types of mortar, each of which may have a distinct drying time. For example, thin-set mortar used for tiles and counter tops requires 24 to 48 hours t...QUIKRETE® Floor Mud (No. 1548-81) is a Portland cement based underlayment mortar designed for leveling travertine, slate and marble floor tile, and for shower pan applications. Available in: 80 lb bags. Apply Over: Concrete. Properly prepared wood floors. Data Sheet Safety Data Sheet.Add wall blocking to create shower pan “box”. Install the shower drain assembly through shower subfloor. Cover shower subfloor with asphalt saturated felt (tar paper) Place the first mortar base layer, sloped from walls and curb to drain base. Install the shower liner and seal and clamp to the shower drain.The majority of shower pan manufacturers recommend installing a bed of mortar under your shower pan. Besides providing a satisfyingly hard floor for your shower, a mortar base will also protect your subfloor from water damage, mold and even rot. ... Concrete is perfectly adequate, if not recommended, for use as the shower pan base …Step 7: Set Slope. Using a 2′ level and the drain as a reference point, Jim sets the slope for the shower pan, and it should be 1/4″ to 1/2″ per foot. After Jim determined the right slope between this corner and the drain, this corner became the new point of reference for the remaining perimeter.A permanent account number (or PAN, as it is usually called) is a unique 10-character identification number that identifies taxpayers in India. A PAN is similar to a Social Securit... Instructions say: “Apply enough bedding material to support the entire bottom of the shower base. This will add additional stability and prevent the base from shifting position.”. The contractor installed the pan over a 1/2” inch troweled motar bed, essentially giving me 1/2 motar strips on the bottom. I interpret the instructions to read ... Here is why the above install is correct: 1) The metal lath or reinforcement can be placed over a cleavage membrane on top of the subfloor. It will never come into contact with the pan liner. 2) The pre-slope under the pan liner channels any water that gets through the tile and grout into the weep holes in the drain assembly. 3) If the mortar ...A mortar shower pan is a thick layer of mortar, typically made from a mix of Portland cement, sand, and water. It is applied to the base of a shower and other wet …QUIKRETE® Floor Mud (No. 1548-81) is a Portland cement based underlayment mortar designed for leveling travertine, slate and marble floor tile, and for shower pan applications. Available in: 80 lb bags. Apply Over: Concrete. Properly prepared wood floors. Data Sheet Safety Data Sheet.It features a low threshold for easy access, and it’s very durable. Take a look at my other picks below: Table of Contents. Best Shower Pan Reviews (List for 2024) 1. KOHLER 1938-0 Ballas – Best Shower Base.To build a shower pan on a plywood floor, first, create a sloped subfloor with a 1/4 inch drop per foot towards the drain. Then, install a waterproof membrane on top of the plywood. Apply a layer of mortar and set the shower pan liner. Finally, secure the liner, install the drain, and pour the top concrete layer.Jul 17, 2022 ... ... Mortar Cement Board Joints 14:04 How To Finish Cement Board Around The Shower Pan ... Don't Put BackerBoard Inside Shower Pan. StarrTile•1M views.Assuming a type S masonry mortar mix with (2.25 + 3)/2 = 2.625 parts sand to 1 part type S mortar cement, you'd add 1.875 parts sand to the (2.625 parts sand + 1 part cement) = 3.625 parts of type S masonry mortar mix to get 1.875 + 2.625 = 4.5 parts sand to 1 part cement. 3. Epoxy Mortar. Epoxy mortar can be used under the shower base, but it is not a commonly used material for this application. Epoxy mortar is an adhesive made from a mixture of epoxy resin and a hardening agent. However, epoxy mortar has several characteristics that make it less suitable for use under a shower base. Using thinset when tiling a Tile Redi shower pan is not a wise idea. Along with being a higher-cost option, the preferred method of tiling a shower with this pan involves epoxy, which is usually shipped with the Tile Redi. Thinset can be more difficult to clean and may also leak into other areas in or around the pan.How to Mix Thin-Set Mortar for Schluter Shower Trays. I always get asked about thin-set and what type to use for Schluter shower pans. The best option is to use ALL-SET because it can be used to set any Schluter pan and to set tile. In addition, you can mix half bags. For example, I weighed out 25 pounds of mortar and halved the water ...How to mix mortar for a shower pan tile jobCheck out all my shower build videos just search - kooper salmo showerThe Basics. A shower pan is essentially the floor of your shower. Typically constructed in preformed acrylic or fiberglass, all shower pans include a slight slope to …How a water in/water out shower pan is built. The way these systems are built is they have a mortar bed that allows water to flow through it. This water then finds its way down to a rubber-like shower pan liner. Further, the shower pan liner is sloped so that the water evacuates down the 3-piece clamping ring shower drain. 3. Epoxy Mortar. Epoxy mortar can be used under the shower base, but it is not a commonly used material for this application. Epoxy mortar is an adhesive made from a mixture of epoxy resin and a hardening agent. However, epoxy mortar has several characteristics that make it less suitable for use under a shower base. This means some areas of the pan will have a pitch greater than 1/4 in. per foot, but that is okay. Step 3: Support the flange of the drain with loose mortar. Loose mortar is essentially the same thing as dry-pack only with more water. Once that is jammed under the flange, and the flange is level, the next step is to mix the dry-pack mortar. What You'll Need For This Project. • Oatey Shower Pan Liner Kit or pan liner and corner dams. • Oatey 130 Series Tile Shower Drain. • Wrench. • Mortar. • Oatey Perfect Slope …Type O Mortar Mix. Type O mortar mix has relatively low compressive strength, at about 350 psi. As such, it is used primarily for interior, above-grade, non-load–bearing walls. Type O mortar mix can be used as an alternative to Type N for some interior applications, but its exterior use is limited due to its low structural capacity.How To Install a Shower Pan. Difficulty. Advanced. Duration. Over 1 day. To ensure your shower is water-tight, whether it’s a new plumbing installation or you’re looking to …4. Allow the mortar to cure: Leave the mortar to cure according to the manufacturer's instructions, typically for 24-48 hours. 5. Tile the shower pan: Apply tile adhesive to the cured mortar bed and install your chosen tiles, following the manufacturer's instructions. Allow them to set and dry.Set the pan onto the 'cow pies' and slide the pan back and forth to set the pan--. do not step into the pan--that will over compress the mortar --the pan will spring back to shape,leaving you with a hollow under the pan--add screws or roofing nails to the framing above the flange to keep the pan in place. Do not screw onto the flange--that ...Redi Base shower pans come in over 100 standard models with a variety of sizes and drain locations. Choose from single curb, double curb, triple curb, or barrier free entrance. ... Frame right up to the base as close as you can Use regular mortar, NOT quick set. The quick set gets hard to fast and makes it hard to level MAKE SURE its level. The ...Feb 27, 2023 · A mortar shower pan is a thick layer of mortar, typically made from a mix of Portland cement, sand, and water. It is applied to the base of a shower and other wet areas, providing a waterproof barrier between the shower floor and the underlying structure. The mortar is applied in layers, with each layer taking a few hours to dry before the next ... Step 1. Prepare The Shower Pan Liner. Prepare the shower pan liner. 1a. Clean and dry the shower pan liner. 1b. Use a utility knife to cut the liner to size, allowing for 1/4″ clearance all around for expansion joints or …Set the acrylic shower pan in place on top of the mortar. Apply pressure at various points across the surface to press it into the mortar. Use the level to help guide …For an 80 lb bag worth of concrete you need about 4 quarts of water. Making this DIY shower pan mix is just a few simple steps. First, measure out your cement and sand separately. Second, place the ingredients in a concrete mixer, tray or wheelbarrow and mix the dry ingredients thoroughly with a hoe, shovel or trowel.Make sure the sealant is compatible with the materials used in your shower. Apply the sealant: Cut the tip of the sealant tube at a 45-degree angle, creating a small opening. Starting from one corner, apply a thin and continuous bead of sealant along the edge where the shower pan meets the walls or enclosure.Place the rubber drainpipe gasket over the drainpipe coming up through the shower drain flange. Thread the gasket setscrew over the rubber gasket. Tighten with the included tool and a screwdriver until secure. Screw or snap the shower drain screen into place over the flange so that it sits flush with the shower pan base. 6.2. Bestbath 30×30 Shower Base – 30×30 Shower Pan. With this product, you’d get yourself a shower base that is unlikely to let any drop of water go out of the shower enclosing. It’s quite tall, meaning that it will effectively collect your water and lead it towards the drain, without allowing too much of it to gather.Installing a bathroom shower takes a lot of time and hard work. Depending on the design of your new shower, the project could require more man-hours and, therefore, cost more than ...Learn the differences between cement, concrete and mortar, and why mortar is the best choice for shower pan installation. Find out how to mix, apply and slope mortar for a waterproof and durable base.Home House & Components Rooms Bathroom Shower. How To Install a Shower Pan. By Chris Deziel. Updated: Apr. 04, 2024. A pre-fab shower base makes …

If the shower pan needs a base of mortar, mix the sand and mortar according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pour this shower pan mortar onto the base and level it with a trowel.. Hollister road company

what mortar to use for shower pan

May 4, 2022 · Set the shower pan onto the mortar, and level it carefully. Tighten the drain into place on the drain line. Some shower pans come with screws and brackets to attach the pan to the wall studs. Otherwise, you can use screws with large heads (such as roofing nails) to attach the flanges on the shower pan to the wall studs. Wedding shower games are a great way to celebrate an upcoming marriage. Check out 10 traditional wedding shower games at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement There's a charming fable about...Mortar should typically be applied about 1/2 inch thick when installing a shower pan. When pointing up around the shower pan, be sure to trowel an even layer 1/2 inch thick into place with a notched trowel, then comb the mortar in one direction with the trowel to achieve a uniform depth throughout. Any excess should be removed before the mortar ...Read more on dry-pack shower pans and bathroom floors: Dead-Flat Bathroom Floor – When the floor has to look perfect, but existing conditions are anything but, a dry-pack mortar bed can save the job. 7 Steps to Float a Dry-Pack Shower Pan – It’s just like playing in the sand.Step 3: Prepare the Mortar. Next, you’ll need to prepare the mortar for the shower pan. You should mix the mortar according to the manufacturer’s instructions, then spread it evenly over the area where the pan will be placed. Make sure the mortar is level and smooth before moving on to the next step. Step 4: Place the Pan. Once the mortar ...Dec 3, 2018 · Set the pan in mortar. Pour pre-mixed mortar into a five-gallon bucket and add water incrementally while you stir the mixture with a mixing paddle attached to your drill. When the mortar reaches a consistency of dry peanut butter, spread it with a trowel to a uniform 1-inch thickness over the entire subfloor. It's been 11 years since I made this shower pan and not one crack or leak. In this video I'll show you how to make a mortar shower pan. It's very easy. Just ... The best mortar for a shower pan is a mix of standard cement with sand and Portland cement, since it is water-resistant and can support the weight of the pan. Jul 15, 2021 ... Travis will show you how to pour a final mortar bed for your shower pan! He also plays a pretty mean prank on Sara.In This Video I Will Show You How to Mix Mortar For Pre-slope and Shower Pan in Bucket.You Will Learn How To Mix a Mortar For Your Pre-slope I Will Be Using ...FTS-3738 37 x 38 Veritek™ Alcove Shower Pan Veritek Alcove Shower Base. 38" x 37" x 3 3/8". Product ID: FF03738MD. ADA-Compliant. Low Threshold. Textured Bottom Surface. Starting at MSRP* USD$ 526.00. R-36NEO 36 x 36 Veritek™ Corner Shower Pan Veritek Corner Shower Base. 36" x 36" x 5 1/2".Set shower pan onto the mortar bed, and use a rubber mallet or hammer & board to press the pan firmly into the mortar bed, providing even coverage, and leveling all sides of the shower pan; On sides that are against a wall, place Redi Flash on top of the splash edges and fasten to the studs. Then place a bead of 100% silicone caulk along …Jul 29, 2022 · Put the Mortar Base and Anchor the Pan. Stir up a bag of mortar and spread it over where the shower pan will be sitting. The thick mortar will allow the fins on the bottom of the pan to stick to it, creating a wooden shower floor. To keep the cleanup easier, leave the edges of the bag a few inches away from the pan. The best mortar for shower pans is a mixture of sand and Portland cement as it creates a water-resistant barrier that can support the weight of the shower unit and the users. You can create your own with Portland cement and fine sand (1:5) and 4 quarts water for 80 lb. of the mixture.They provide better moisture protection and a much easier installation and maintenance process. Weight. Weight 一 another vital factor to consider before purchasing either shower pans. As you have to mix it with cement and sand, mortar is much heavier than the tile-redi shower pan.Installing an acrylic or fiberglass shower pan using a mortar bed increases the strength and longevity of your shower pan. This video shows you one way to set the pan and includes extra...Mortar should typically be applied about 1/2 inch thick when installing a shower pan. When pointing up around the shower pan, be sure to trowel an even layer 1/2 inch thick into place with a notched trowel, then comb the mortar in one direction with the trowel to achieve a uniform depth throughout. Any excess should be removed before the mortar ....

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