Jul 1, 2020 · Federal Reserve $1.5 trillion Bailout: Socialism for the Rich and Capitalism for the Poor! The aftermath of Trump’s address to the nation on Wednesday night March 11, the stock market went into a free fall, losing 2,352.60 points, or 10%, the biggest single-day percentage drop since “Black Monday” in 1987. The Federal Reserve moved to ... Imperial Britain Gave Palestine to the Zionists When It Was Still Part of the Ottoman Empire. On Nov. 2, 2017, Palestinians mark the hundred-year anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, a letter from British foreign secretary Lord Arthur James Balfour to Lord Walter Rothschild that committed Britain to the establishment of a Jewish homeland in … The ultimate aim of education at Zaytuna College is the inculcation of the love of beauty, truth, and goodness in a human being. Muslims call the highest truth īmān, or a firm conviction of God’s existence and providence; we call goodness islām, or submission and resignation to God’s will and action in accordance with it, on earth as it ... Hatem Bazian is Provost, co-founder and Professor of Islamic Law and Theology at Zaytuna College, the 1st Accredited Muslim Liberal Arts College in the United States. In addition, Prof. Bazian is a teaching professor in the Departments of Near Eastern and Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.Hatem Bazian The 'Islam is responsible' mantra. The "blame Islam" mantra, a favorite pastime for the media and political talking heads, has gotten a new lease on life in the aftermath of the recent horrific attack at the Pulse Club in Orlando, Florida. Immediately after news of the attack spread, ...Erasure of the human Dr. Hatem Bazian 8/15/2016 In France, I encountered a number of refugees who had their fingerprints completely scratched over, burned or partially disfigured. One of the main distinguishing features of being a unique member of the human family is reflected in fingerprints as no two are identical. A fingerprint is a defining ...Dr. Hatem Bazian* Author of Four Books and an Organic Intellectual * Co-founder and Professor of Islamic Law and Theology at Zaytuna College, the 1st Accredi... Dr. Hatem Bazian * Author of Four Books and an Organic Intellectual * Co-founder and Professor of Islamic Law and Theology at Zaytuna College, the 1st Accredited Muslim Liberal Arts College in the ... Imperial Britain Gave Palestine to the Zionists When It Was Still Part of the Ottoman Empire. On Nov. 2, 2017, Palestinians mark the hundred-year anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, a letter from British foreign secretary Lord Arthur James Balfour to Lord Walter Rothschild that committed Britain to the establishment of a Jewish homeland in …Hatem Bazian. Job title: Lecturer, NES and AAADS. Bio/CV: Dr. Bazian leads the Islamophobia Research and Documentation Project at UC Berkeley's Center for Race and Gender. He works on Islamophobia, Muslim Ban and anti-immigrant policies in US and Europe directed at the Global South and its links to military industrial complex and the …Hatem Bazian. De-Colonial Islamic Thinker. Donate to ISC; الدكتور حاتم بازيان ...The ranks of tenured faculty are overwhelmingly white, with campuses ranging as high as 80-90% being white faculty and 70-80 being White men. Simultaneously, all the lecturers, clerical staff, and lab technicians are Blacks, Asians, Arab, Latino, and Indigenous. Don’t dare to put the Asian model minority forward because they might have …Prof. Hatem Bazian Why the West is Supporting Israel and Zionism? The region accounts for the bulk of the world’s oil and natural gas reserves, which is the engine of the modern economy.Hatem Bazian, the chairman of American Muslims for Palestine. Photograph by Mike Segar / Reuters. Hatem Bazian, a …So it was a little surprising to see Hatem Bazian tweeting “As a Jew” critiques to CNN over Rep. Rashida Tlaib. “As a Jew” has a long and low dishonest history in which leftists, who happen to be of Jewish ancestry or pretending to be, denounce Israel… “as a Jew”. It’s hard to think of anyone less Jewish than Hatem Bazian, but ...Hatem Bazian is Chair and Founder, UC Berkeley Center for Race and Gender's Islamophobia Research and Documentation Project. He co-founded the antisemitic American Muslims for Palestine. The first chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine was founded in 2001 at the University of California at Berkeley by Professor Hatem Bazian.Nov 27, 2017 · Bazian is the co-founder of the advocacy group Students for Justice in Palestine. In a statement, UC Berkeley spokesman Dan Mogulof referred to the University of California Regents’ Principles ... Dr. Hatem Bazian and the research team at the Islamophobia Research and Documentation Project at UC Berkeley produced this working bibliography for the benefit of researchers and academics engaged in this emerging field. The hope that this can serve as the first stop for anyone interested in conducting research in the Islamophobia Studies …Hatem Bazian (bio) The field of American studies must more aggressively tackle the spread of Islamophobia because it has become an overtly acceptable racist discourse that is saturating civil society in the United States and Western societies in general. 1 Certainly, when racism toward a group is tolerated in public discourse, then in due time ...Hatem Bazian. 4.25. 4 ... Dr. Bazian offers a theoretical basis for understanding Palestine while avoiding the pitfalls of the internationally failed "peace process" that, on the one hand, affirms settler-colonial rights and, on the other, problematizes the colonialized indigenous Palestinians and dispenses with the … Dr. Hatem Bazian is the leading scholar in the Islamophobia Studies field having founded the Islamophobia Studies Center, Editor-in-Chief of the Islamophobia Studies Journal, co-founder and current President of the International Islamophobia Studies Research Association (IISRA); advised on the 2021, UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief report on Countering Islamophobia/Anti ... Compelled to do something to prevent further escalations to violence, Hassner’s mind went to his colleague, Hatem Bazian, a lecturer who teaches courses on Palestine, Islamophobia and post ...Mar 5, 2023 · Prof. Hatem Bazian Why the West is Supporting Israel and Zionism? The region accounts for the bulk of the world’s oil and natural gas reserves, which is the engine of the modern economy. Hatem Bazian’s important book has provided me the answer. It is not mere colonialism. It is settler colonialism. That is the Crux. Many have not realised that since 1948 more than 50% of the population of Palestine has already been living as refugees outside Mandate Palestine. For the remaining 50%, settler colonialism will not stop until ... Hatem Bazian - Personal Story. Profiles in Hate: Hatem Bazian. Israel Imperiled: Threats to the Jewish State. Organizing Hatred: American Muslims for Palestine. Berkeley City Council’s Shameful Tolerance Of Anti-Semitism. View all View all. Hatem Bazian is a professor of Asian American and Asian Diaspora Studies at the University of ... Hatem Bazian. See Full PDF Download PDF. See Full PDF Download PDF. Related Papers. Perfect Guide to Sciences of Quran. Ayesha Khizer. Download Free PDF View PDF. A Salafi Critique of the Sufi Concept of Wilayah (Sainthood): an Annotated Translation with Critical Introduction of Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Shawkani's Qatrul wali 'ala hadith al-wali ...Hatem Bazian The 'Islam is responsible' mantra. The "blame Islam" mantra, a favorite pastime for the media and political talking heads, has gotten a new lease on life in the aftermath of the recent horrific attack at the Pulse Club in Orlando, Florida. Immediately after news of the attack spread, ...Mar 20, 2024 · Hatem Bazian, chairman of American Muslims for Palestine, speaks at a news conference to launch an advertisement campaign criticizing Israel and U.S. support for it in New York City on March 26, 2013. Hatem Bazian’s important book has provided me the answer. It is not mere colonialism. It is settler colonialism. That is the Crux. Many have not realised that since 1948 more than 50% of the population of Palestine has already been living as refugees outside Mandate Palestine. For the remaining 50%, settler colonialism will not stop until ... Dr. Hatem Bazian is the leading scholar in the Islamophobia Studies field having founded the Islamophobia Studies Center, Editor-in-Chief of the Islamophobia Studies Journal, co-founder and current President of the International Islamophobia Studies Research Association (IISRA); advised on the 2021, UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief report on Countering Islamophobia/Anti ... January 26, 2015 | Talks & Interviews |. An interview with Vitamin D focusing on the Souls of Muslim Folk and examining militarism, colonial and embedded intellectuals at the university and double consciousness etc. The Souls of Muslim Folk: Islam and Decolonial Futures by Vitamin_D on Mixcloud.Dr. Bazian is founder and national Chair of American Muslims for Palestine, board member of the Islamic Scholarship Fund, Muslim Legal Fund of America, President of Dollar for …Clearly, the recent events in Europe, U.S. and the Muslim World have brought renewed attention to Islam and the status of Muslim citizens and immigrants in the West. For some, the idea of Islam and the West are an odd coupling that don’t belong to the same category and are structurally set on a constant... Hatem Bazian. Continuing Lecturer. Asian American and Asian Diaspora Studies. Arab and Arab American Studies, Colonialism and Post-Colonial Studies, Comparative Liberation Theologies, Critical Race Theory, Muslim American Studies, Palestine Studies. Office: 278 Barrows. Contact: e: [email protected]. Bio & Research Interests. Jan 22, 2023 · Dr. Hatem Bazian’s Palestine Reading List. This is a short bibliography on books that should be read by anyone seeking a deeper and clearer understanding of the Palestine struggle. The list ... Dreams of a Nation: On Palestinian Cinema edited by Hamid Dabashi. Palestine, “…it is something colonial,” by Hatem Bazian. This is a short bibliography on books that should be read by anyone seeking a deeper and clearer understanding of the Palestine struggle. The list includes an extensive reference that treat the subject of …Dec 30, 2022 · Hatem Bazian has published and contributed to several books, including Erasing the Human: Collapse of the Postcolonial World and Refugee Immigration Crisis; The Revolution Will Not Be Funded: Beyond the Non-Profit Industrial Complex; and Annotations on Race, Colonialism, Islamophobia, Islam, and Palestine. His Ph.D. thesis was titled “Al-Quds ... Dr. Hatem Bazian * Author of Four Books and an Organic Intellectual * Co-founder and Professor of Islamic Law and Theology at Zaytuna College, the 1st Accredited Muslim Liberal Arts College in the ... By: Prof. Hatem Bazian, MLFA Chairman. February 3, 2022 . Muslims traveling on flights to and from the US and European airports are often subject to secondary screening and the appearance of SSSS on their boarding passes. Now, let me be a little more precise on the SSSS imprint and how it functions for Muslim travelers. In addition, Dr. Bazian is a lecturer in the departments of Near Eastern and Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. In Spring 2015, Dr. Bazian was the Tolson Visiting Scholar at Pacific School of Religion. Between 2002 and 2007, he also served as an adjunct professor of law at UC Berkeley Boalt Hall School of Law, a visiting ... The BDS movement is a Palestine’s civil society non-violent grassroots initiative and a detailed call for specific steps and actions in solidarity with Palestinians living under Occupation. The BDS movement is founded upon an ethical and voluntary participation in an effort to effectuate a change in global political, economic and …Job title: Lecturer, NES and AAADS. Bio/CV: Dr. Bazian leads the Islamophobia Research and Documentation Project at UC Berkeley's Center for Race and Gender. He works on Islamophobia, Muslim Ban and anti …The complex and often contentious relationship between American Jews and Muslims witnessed two momentous events that produced divergent results and emotions. On the one hand, anti-Semitic attacks on a Jewish cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri, brought about a rapid $120,000 online fundraising drive in the Muslim community and hundreds …Nov 6, 2021 · ISLAMOPHOBIA STUDIES JOURNAL Vol. 1 No. 1, Fall 2012. by Nasar Meer Hatem Bazian Ramon Grosfoguel and Gabr Hatem Bazian Ramon Grosfoguel, Nasar Meer, Tariq Modood, Mohammad H Tamdgidi, Peter Gottschalk | Jan 1, 2012. Paperback. Jan 23, 2024 · Hatem Bazian, a University of California, Berkeley, professor who has called for the dismantling of Israel and argued that "it’s about time we had an intifada in this country," was invited by ... Students for Justice in Palestine attempted to disrupt a Holocaust Remembrance Day eventDec 30, 2022 · Hatem Bazian has published and contributed to several books, including Erasing the Human: Collapse of the Postcolonial World and Refugee Immigration Crisis; The Revolution Will Not Be Funded: Beyond the Non-Profit Industrial Complex; and Annotations on Race, Colonialism, Islamophobia, Islam, and Palestine. His Ph.D. thesis was titled “Al-Quds ... Hatem Bazian, the chairman of American Muslims for Palestine. Photograph by Mike Segar / Reuters. Hatem Bazian, a …Oct 13, 2023 · The letter was written by Dr. Hatem Bazian, a UC Berkeley Lecturer of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures and Dr. Ron Hassner, U.C. Berkeley Professor of Political Science & Chair of Israeli ... Steve Biko’s statement, “The most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed”, is an important reminder of this. Humanizing the human discourse is a dehumanizing act since it goes to confirm the Islamophobic paradigm and pin it deeper in the mind. The first step in challenging the Islamophobic elephant is in ...Clearly, the recent events in Europe, U.S. and the Muslim World have brought renewed attention to Islam and the status of Muslim citizens and immigrants in the West. For some, the idea of Islam and the West are an odd coupling that don’t belong to the same category and are structurally set on a constant...Toggle navigation. Sidebar Menu Mobile En. Home; News; Opinion; Video; The Big Story; Israel-Palestine warDr. Hatem Bazian* Author of Four Books and an Organic Intellectual * Co-founder and Professor of Islamic Law and Theology at Zaytuna College, the 1st Accredi...January 26, 2015 | Talks & Interviews |. An interview with Vitamin D focusing on the Souls of Muslim Folk and examining militarism, colonial and embedded intellectuals at the university and double consciousness etc. The Souls of Muslim Folk: Islam and Decolonial Futures by Vitamin_D on Mixcloud.Hatem Bazian is a senior lecturer in the Departments of Near Eastern and Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He has taught at Berkeley’s Boalt Hall School of Law and is also a visiting Professor in Religious Studies at Saint Mary's College of California and adviser to Berkeley’s Religion, Politics and Globalization Center as well as Academic …Islamophobia and Structuring Post-Cold War New World Order. The shift towards Islamophobia and using the Muslim subject as the singular global strategic threat emerged towards the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Even though a case can be made that the 1979 Iranian Revolution intensified the negative representation of ...University of California, Berkeley. - Education. - 1993 - 2001. - Projects. 2011 Islamophobia Report - UC Berkeley Center for Race and Gender. Jan 2010 - Dec 2011. -Contributed …Students for Justice in Palestine attempted to disrupt a Holocaust Remembrance Day eventHatem Bazian “Send her back” 1 is the new racist theme introduced by Trump’s supporters in the after - math of his recent bigoted twitter attack on four Congresswomen (Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, Representative Rashida Tlaib of Michigan, Representative Ayanna Pressley ofProf. Hatem Bazian Israeli Spies Caught in the US-Top Three Cases: There have been several cases where individuals with connections to Israel or Israeli intelligence have been caught, charged and ...Mar 14, 2017 · The complex and often contentious relationship between American Jews and Muslims witnessed two momentous events that produced divergent results and emotions. On the one hand, anti-Semitic attacks on a Jewish cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri, brought about a rapid $120,000 online fundraising drive in the Muslim community and hundreds of volunteers to repair damage to... Hatem Bazian Near Eastern and Asian American Studies Department, University of California, Berkeley, 278 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1070, USA; [email protected] Provost and co-Founder, Zaytuna College, 1st Muslim Liberal Arts College, 2401 Le Conte, Berkeley, CA 94709Dr. Hatem Bazian’s Palestine Reading List. This is a short bibliography on books that should be read by anyone seeking a deeper and clearer understanding of the Palestine struggle. The list ...Islamophobia Production and Re-Defining Global “Security” Agenda for the 21st Century April 21-22, 2011 University of California, Berkeley Booth Auditorium, Boalt Law School Panel on “Clash of Civilizations Discourses and Muslim Otherness” Prof. Ramon Grosfogual, UC Berkeley Prof. Keith Feldman, University of California, Berkeley …Prof. Hatem Bazian Why the West is Supporting Israel and Zionism? The region accounts for the bulk of the world’s oil and natural gas reserves, which is the engine of the modern economy.Oct 12, 2023 · October 12, 2023. Hatem Bazian and Ron Hassner. This statement was published by the Office of the Chancellor on October 12, 2023. To our students, We are two professors on this campus who disagree, vehemently. But we have always treated one another with respect and dignity. We love this campus with its diverse communities and all of our ... Hatem Bazian is a senior lecturer in the Departments of Near Eastern and Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He has taught at Berkeley’s Boalt Hall School of Law and is also a visiting Professor in Religious Studies at Saint Mary's College of California and adviser to Berkeley’s Religion, Politics and Globalization ...Hatem Bazian is a senior lecturer in the Departments of Near Eastern and Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He has taught at Berkeley’s Boalt Hall School of Law and is also a visiting Professor in Religious Studies at Saint Mary's College of California and adviser to Berkeley’s Religion, Politics and Globalization Center as well as Academic …Hatem Bazian. · January 28 at 10:34 AM ·. Must read and share! The NYPD — alongside the city, state, and federal governments — have grown desperate to stop us from taking to the streets and fighting for liberation. They have enhanced the use of surveillance technology, often the same technology the zionist occupation uses, to police our ...National Entry-Exit Registration System: Arabs, Muslims, and Southeast Asians and Post-9/11 “Security Measures”Hatem Bazian is a senior lecturer in the department of Near Eastern studies, a member of the faculty advisory board in the religion, politics and globalization program, and an adjunct professor at Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, where he received his Ph.D. in Islamic studies.. Along with teaching courses in Islamic … Dr. Hatem Bazian * Author of Four Books and an Organic Intellectual * Co-founder and Professor of Islamic Law and Theology at Zaytuna College, the 1st Accredited Muslim Liberal Arts College in the ... Hatem Bazian. Continuing Lecturer. Asian American and Asian Diaspora Studies. Arab and Arab American Studies, Colonialism and Post-Colonial Studies, Comparative Liberation Theologies, Critical Race Theory, …Dec 30, 2022 · Hatem Bazian has published and contributed to several books, including Erasing the Human: Collapse of the Postcolonial World and Refugee Immigration Crisis; The Revolution Will Not Be Funded: Beyond the Non-Profit Industrial Complex; and Annotations on Race, Colonialism, Islamophobia, Islam, and Palestine. His Ph.D. thesis was titled “Al-Quds ... Prof. Hatem Bazian Why the West is Supporting Israel and Zionism? The region accounts for the bulk of the world’s oil and natural gas reserves, which is the engine of the modern economy.Dr. Osama Abuirshaid is the Executive Director and a board member of American Muslims for Palestine (AMP). He is a board member of the U.S. Council of Muslim Organizations (USCMO), an umbrella organization of eight major national American Muslim organizations.So it was a little surprising to see Hatem Bazian tweeting “As a Jew” critiques to CNN over Rep. Rashida Tlaib. “As a Jew” has a long and low dishonest history in which leftists, who happen to be of Jewish ancestry or pretending to be, denounce Israel… “as a Jew”. It’s hard to think of anyone less Jewish than Hatem Bazian, but ...Dr. Hatem Bazian, "received his Ph.D. in Philosophy and Islamic Studies from the University of California, Berkeley.Currently, Bazian is a senior lecturer in the Departments of Near Eastern and Ethnic Studies. Dr. Bazian between 2002-2007, also served as an adjunct professor of law at Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California, Berkeley.Hatem Bazian is a lecturer in Asian American and Asian Diaspora Studies and a co-founder of Zaytuna College of California, the first Muslim Liberal Arts College in …Hatem Bazian is on Facebook. Join Facebook to connect with Hatem Bazian and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected.The complex and often contentious relationship between American Jews and Muslims witnessed two momentous events that produced divergent results and emotions. On the one hand, anti-Semitic attacks on a Jewish cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri, brought about a rapid $120,000 online fundraising drive in the Muslim community and hundreds …
Hatem Bazian, a senior lecturer at Berkeley in Islamic Studies, recently went on television and was put on the defensive by Bill O’Reilly. The subject was comments Bazian had made at a left-wing .... Us.kozy
The term “economic hit man” is used to describe the role of individuals, like Perkins himself, whose assigned part is to produce, create or invent out of thin air the needed financial projections and plans to legitimize the rationale behind disastrous and destructive projects in countries in the Global South. The intent behind the economic ...Correctly defined, Islamophobia is a structural organizing principle that sits at the present global crossroads and is employed to rationalize and extend the dominant global power alignment, while embarking on a project for silencing the collective global other. Yes, the basic term– Islamophobia can be defined as “fear”, “anxiety” or ... The ultimate aim of education at Zaytuna College is the inculcation of the love of beauty, truth, and goodness in a human being. Muslims call the highest truth īmān, or a firm conviction of God’s existence and providence; we call goodness islām, or submission and resignation to God’s will and action in accordance with it, on earth as it ... In addition, Dr. Bazian is a lecturer in the departments of Near Eastern and Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. In Spring 2015, Dr. Bazian was the Tolson Visiting Scholar at Pacific School of Religion. Between 2002 and 2007, he also served as an adjunct professor of law at UC Berkeley Boalt Hall School of Law, a visiting ... Hatem Bazian said that he helped found the group in the early 1990s. ... Dr. Bazian, now the chairman of American Muslims for Palestine’s board, played down its ties to the student group, which ...Hatem Bazian If viewed accurately, “I can’t breathe,” the final plea of George Floyd, is the most pain-ful and apt summation of the colonialization effects, with death, destruction, and erasure vis-ited upon people of the Global South no matter the geography they inhabit and the immediate connection to the immigration-refugee crisis.Sep 19, 2013 · Hatem Bazian T he field of American studies must more aggressively tackle the spread of Islamophobia because it has become an overtly acceptable racist discourse that is saturating civil society in the United States and West-ern societies in general.1 Certainly, when racism toward a group is tolerated Aug 28, 2018 · The tools of the economic hit man are the new modes of financial planning, projections, debt financing and debt default swaps, currency and interest rates manipulations, and a host of other computerized and mathematically designed instruments that can sink economies overnight. If the economic hit man’s tools fail, then the jackals are sent ... "Dr. Hatem Bazian's, "Annotations on Race, Colonialism, Islamophobia, Islam and Palestine," is a wide-ranging examination of many of the issues connected to what Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. described as the evil triplets -racism, militarism and poverty. Dr. Bazian engages in a masterful study of these themes in both an American and ...Santa Clara, CA. Wednesday, December 7 – London, UK. “Palestine … it is something colonial” In 1902, Theodor Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, wrote to Cecil Rhodes, the Minister of Colonies for Great Britain: “You are being invited to help make history. It doesn’t involve Africa, but a piece of Asia Minor; not Englishmen but ...Dr. Bazian leads the Islamophobia Research and Documentation Project at UC Berkeley's Center for Race and Gender. He works on Islamophobia, Muslim Ban and anti-immigrant policies in US and Europe directed at the Global South and its links to military industrial complex and the neoliberal economic order.Justice 1 - Dr. Hatem Bazian. Topics Justice, Dr. Hatem Bazian, MCA. MCA 1st Khutbah on December 16th, 2011 Addeddate 2011-12-18 10:27:36 Ia_orig__runtime 17 minutes 9 seconds Identifier Justice1-Dr.HatemBazian Run time 17:09 Sound sound. plus-circle Add Review. comment. Reviews There are no reviews yet.Hatem Bazian “Send her back” 1 is the new racist theme introduced by Trump’s supporters in the after - math of his recent bigoted twitter attack on four Congresswomen (Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, Representative Rashida Tlaib of Michigan, Representative Ayanna Pressley ofJustice 1 - Dr. Hatem Bazian. Topics Justice, Dr. Hatem Bazian, MCA. MCA 1st Khutbah on December 16th, 2011 Addeddate 2011-12-18 10:27:36 Ia_orig__runtime 17 minutes 9 seconds Identifier Justice1-Dr.HatemBazian Run time 17:09 Sound sound. plus-circle Add Review. comment. Reviews There are no reviews yet.Prof. Hatem Bazian Why the West is Supporting Israel and Zionism? The region accounts for the bulk of the world’s oil and natural gas reserves, which is the engine of the modern economy..